上海展览中心 Shànghǎi Zhǎnlǎn Zhōngxīn
Shanghainese - Zånhae Zuelae Gue
1.The Shanghai Exhibition Centre stands on the site of early 20th century magnate Silas Aaron Hardoon's home, Aili Garden, but more commonly known as "Hardoon Garden".
Hardoon used his influences and positions in both the Shanghai International Settlement and Shanghai French Concession to buy up this large lot in what was even then becoming prime real estate in the city, and began building his residence in 1904.
Completed in 1910 and expanded in 1919, Hardoon Garden was for a long time Shanghai's largest and most elaborate private garden. The time of Hardoon's death in 1931, the garden included within its grounds a theatre, a pagoda, a stone boat, a school, a university and an academy of classical Chinese language and culture.
Hardoon's wife Liza went into seclusion after Hardoon's death,and the garden became neglected. Liza died in 1941 and was buried in the garden. Later that year, with the outbreak of the Pacific War, Hardoon Garden was occupied by the Japanese army until the end of the war.
2.When the Communist Party of China took over Shanghai in 1949, Hardoon's heirs fled Shanghai. The new government confiscated the garden. To pay homage to the Soviet Union, the Communist party leadership decided in the early 1950s to hold an exhibition in Shanghai in 1955 on the Soviet Union's economic and cultural achievements in the 37 years since the October Revolution. In 1953, the Hardoon Garden site was chosen for the construction of a new building to house this exhibition.
3.The building was designed by Sergey Andreyev, Chen Zhi, Wang Dingzheng and Cai Xianyu. It resembles the main building of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSKhV) in Moscow and the Admiralty in Leningrad.
Its former name was 'Sino-Soviet Friendship Mansion'. The building was completed on 5 March 1955. The Soviet exhibition was held from 15 March 1955 to 15 May 1955.
4.In 1956, the building hosted its first political meeting – the first conference of the Shanghai branch of the Communist Party of China. Until 2011, when the meetings moved to the new Expo Centre, the building also hosted the annual plenary meetings of Shanghai Municipality's People's Congress (parliament), and People's Political Consultative Conference, making the building Shanghai's de facto municipal parliament building.
5.From 1959, the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building also housed a permanent industrial exhibition, the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition. In the 1950s and 60s, it was an unwritten rule of urban planning followed by the Shanghai government that no new building could exceed in height the red star at the top of the building's central tower.
6.On 11 May 1968, as a result of the Sino-Soviet split, the building's name was changed to the Shanghai Exhibition Hall. In 1978, the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition became the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition Hall, resulting in the two different names both being applied to the building. On 9 June 1984, the bodies managing the building were amalgamated into the Shanghai Exhibition Centre, by which name the building later became known.
7.The focus of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building's design is the central tower, modelled on Saint Petersburg's Admiralty Building. It forms the centerpiece of the main, southern façade of the complex, and is set back from the street with an expansive square.
Under the central tower is a domed central foyer called the "Central Hall" (now called the "front hall"), which connects the three main wings of the building. Corridors to the east and west of the central foyer lead to two wings which sweep around to form two sides of the open square at the centre of the main frontage. These two wings were built as the "Agriculture Hall" and the "Culture Hall", and today house exhibition space.
8.An art program, completed by local artists under the direction of the Shanghai Art Association, was commissioned for the building. While interior decorations have been overhauled over the years, much of the original relief sculpture work is still visible in various parts of the complex.The central spire is topped by a prominent red star modelled on the Kremlin stars. Originally, a monumental sculpture standing at the base of the central tower, showing a Chinese worker and a Russian worker standing together, each holding up a hammer. Was removed following the Sino-Soviet split, the space now taken up by a bronze statue of a worker holding up a tangle of flowing ribbons.
Other artwork have also been added to the complex over the years. Arman's sculpture Cavalleria Eroica is located in front of the Nanjing Road façade of the building.
Information sources
Wikipedia
Made in Shanghai' by Li Xiangning Li Danfeng and Jiang Jiawei